Education Curriculum Essay Example for Free

Education Curriculum Essay There is usually an existence of a gap between the objectives of a lesson and the student position and pertains the lesson intended. The teacher is duly bound to make sure that the relevant skills and knowledge contained in any lesson have appropriately been imparted into the students. The learning has to proceed in places and the cognitive skills required at each phase of learning should be clearly set down. The teacher should be in a position to convert the most important steps in the phases into a learning existing strategy. That allows the students to learn effectively the subject matter. The teacher should as well identify the requirements of each step, while taking precautions that the student should not make errors. The fundamental requirements should be presented in the foremost to allow the mastering of required skills to follow later. The current skill wise position of the student should be identified by the teacher. Guidelines in evaluation checklist The evaluation checklist has guidelines which are all important for the success curriculum instructional materials. The guidelines in the evaluation checklists are all influential towards the extent the support towards learning and towards the achievement of the required instructional objectives of learning. They include Design, procedures, clarity and efficiency. (Heinich, 2002). The content of any curriculum material should not be irrelevant. A high degree of accuracy is required to make sure the pupils minds are energy are utilized competently. The guidelines are also important in that an organized format with a logical setup of content should be achieved. The brain of the student is the most crucial resource at the moment and its utilization should be well addressed. To achieve this objective it is therefore important that the guideline in the evaluation checklist exhibits some objective which is clearly defined. This helps save time and enhances the checklist to address only the relevant and necessary objectives. The questions that need to be raised so as to achieve the right objectives are clearly put in a relevant capacity while the examples cited in the discussion have implacable meaning and they are of help to the students. The design guideline also allows that only the important part of the information is given the right emphasis and its content is not a burden to the students. The guideline is also important as to avoid impartiality when representing the objectives by coping with gender racial, religious or ethnicity biasness. This is especially significant since the learning environment is cross-cultural and each an every recipient should be comfortable with the information brought up. The guidelines are also important towards provision of currently updated and completely addressed information for the best comfort of the students. This will as well address the career fields’ needs while at the same time addressing the issues of gender and race of the participating population. The design component is also important in that it results with information from a clearly identified source that is reliable and therefore the information by itself is also reliable. Heinich, 2002). As the learners continue to acquire skills and knowledge. The guidelines should allow the students to learn. The duty of this guideline is to help p the student, achieve this as the student moves beyond the basis of leaning. Through thinking as the students learn and apply the skills simultaneously for the health of their learning activities. The cultural diversity has been earlier mentioned which is another important aspect of the design guidelines with a consistent layout. It is also with an effective design of an evaluation checklist guideline that unique learning techniques are applicable to the culturally diverse leaning atmosphere which has various categories of ability levels. The other significant importance of the design guideline is the provision of an easy assessment to teachers of the progress of the students. It also enhances a reading level that is only appropriate and specific to the target group, while also addressing only the relevant age and grade level. The other guideline is the procedure which is important in that it enhances the required interaction frequencies that make learning easier. The interactions are significantly vigorous, vibrant and active in learning the interactions out of the procedures guidelines also boosts the student’s moral for a continued learning allowing the students to master the already learnt concepts. The procedure also allows for complete and clear directions which facilitate the students to perform only the relevant tasks. Heinich, 2002). The other most important guideline of the evaluation checklist is clarity. Clarity is importance towards presenting the checklist in a clear easy to read and to understand test. The general format of the course lesson also becomes attractive to the eyes of the user the layout being easier makes learners have some relative ease to locate what they need. ( Gollnick and Chinn, 2002). All the necessary features of the content are easily navigated by the clarity guideline of checklist while the paragraphs in each section give a presentation of information clearly and accurately. There is also a consistency of clear and clean fonts. Heinich, 2002). The last and also most important guideline of the evaluation checklist is the efficiency of the guidelines By the use of efficiency, only the necessary information is included in the lessons. The efficiency guideline also allows that only the significant examples and practice items which are as numerous as possible are included in the lessons. This is very important towards helping student learn the relevant materials of the lesson (Gagiulo, 2003) A lesson of Importance The instructional materials evaluate checklist may be of crucial assistance to a teacher aiming at an a grade in such a subject such as racial assimilation. The objectives of this lesson is to assist the students identify the relative forces given to the various racial groups and a step to their immigration in the United States. Heinich, 2002). By the use of curriculum materials each resource should be used in the lesson since each carries some considerable weight towards the achievement of the overall objective. Adequacy of the Lessons in terms of the Attributes of Curricular Design: To teach the objectives already identified some instructional resources for teaching are required. The issue has raised interest in the teaching of racial discrimination in the United States. The students should be made to wholly understand the process of assimilation of minority groups overtime. To achieve these, some resources such as recent statements by the government regarding its policy in respect of national minorities would be of crucial help. Another important resource would be the historical background of all the affected citizens of that particular country. The last of the resource would probable be some website data of the number of immigrants recorded overtime in the country As regards the first resource for example, the issue of â€Å"The government presenting a report on the sorting of the minorities on its policy in respect of the national minorities† (Gollnick and Chinn, 2002). as regards the historic background, the origin and the history f every affected group can be analyzed and given. The Adequacy Of The Lessons In Terms Of The Attributes Of Curricular Design The purpose is quite clear as transmitted during the lesson presentation: This is as a result of the accurate, well organized and clearly defined design of presentation. The lesson has been supported by the necessary information required all of which has been from reliably known sources. The information has also been given with the emphasis of the most important points. (Gagiulo, 2003) The Pan balance equations are pre- Algebra is a previous lesson in the Algebra section of mathematics lesson as relates to Pan balance Equations. This is the most significant fact leading to the condition that there has been some background knowledge and information from the previous lessons. This is healthy for the student for the purpose of a good follow up and integration of the related information into the current information for a healthy learning. (Gagiulo, 2003) The lesson approaches the technique of cooperative learning some parts of inquiry and some direct instructions. Students should be made to use the previous knowledge learned in earlier lessons that are related to the current lessons for them benefit. This calls for cooperative learning whereby each students make a contribution of what is known to the students for the mutual benefits of the teacher the taught and fellow students. This is achieved through first the inquiry by the teacher to make references of the past knowledge by the students who give a direct contribution of the same as a response. ( Gollnick and Chinn, 2002). The initial ideas are used to develop more beneficial ideas. The lesson addresses a variety of learning styles and intelligence. All the possible approaches should be used for the benefit of the student. Remember that the transition between the initial steps whereby the teacher has the objectives while the student have un empty mind which should be filled by the teacher is a complex one. Styles and intelligences of all range should thus be applied to come up with the required results. Questions have been asked examples have been given illustrations of various degrees applied; direct facts from known sources cited all, aiming for some positive results. All these are resources at the disposal of the teacher and they must be used. The ultimate goal of the lesson is to make sure that students comfortably understand all the details of the lesson. It is therefore the requirement of the lesson to provide the teachers with the relevant method of assessing the level of understanding that has been affected by the project. The methods through which students answer projected questions on the lesson. The way the students answer short written questions and the way the they apply the knowledge accumulated to tackle exercise questions is a clear guide to the success of the provision by the lesson to assessment of understanding. (Gagiulo, 2003) Importance of selecting programs / lessons appropriate for students. I assessment of this issue levels of instruction development and reading, the goals of the curriculum, and the state of the student such as the disabilities must be all be considered. The importance of any program is to benefit. The recipient through the most efficient and comfortable method. No attempt should be encouraged to create further complication of the students. Therefore the instructional level for example is a good guide as to what instructions are rightful for the students. The development level of the student further guides the teacher towards the rightful resources to apply to the student. The disability status sets limits as to what practical examples should be used for the students. The reading level is a guide as to what affect the students should not be exposed to reading materials while the curricular goals should guide the teacher as to what is intended of the lesson and the final expectations. (Gagiulo, 2003) Conclusion The main aim of successful curriculum material is to achieve comprehensive learning for the overall molding of an individual in terms of skills and knowledge. This is importance for the future benefit of student the success and the teachers expect as a result of high quality of learning.

Social Networking In Businesses

Social Networking In Businesses Gaining the trust and friendships of your customers is crucial in the business world today. But how do you get your new or growing businesss name out there and trusted by your customers? Social Networking may be able to help with that. These organizations can help you develop the trust that ultimately creates influence among your customers(Safko 21). There are however some people who dont know what social networking for businesses is, social networking occurs when a group of like-minded people interact online to share interests or concerns, collaborate, give and seek advice, and offer one another assistance or support(Lindsell-Roberts 4). From photo sharing to just keeping up with contacts, social networking is starting to show up in businesses everywhere. Is it really helping, or are these large and small businesses just jumping on the bandwagon? There is a vast amount of different companies and organizations that connect billions of people every day such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Fast Pitch!, and Twitter. All of these organizations offer almost the same service but they all vary in many ways. These aforementioned forms of social media/networks arent the only kinds that are usual in businesses. There are a million ways a professional can get their business into a social network, and known to the social media. Some of the major well known social networks are Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Fast Pitch!. First I am going to talk about these well known and commonly used services and how they help and some of the ways you can use them. Every day millions of people log into Facebook to connect with millions of other people, all these people talk to each other, if you have one hundred connections on Facebook, and each of those connections has one hundred connections, youll be two links away from ten thousand connections. If each of those ten thousand connections has 100 connections, youll be three links away from one million connections (Lindsell-Roberts 1). Users over the age of 30 are starting to use Facebook, many of these users speak their political beliefs and speak freely to other users with the same beliefs. That being said, these users are highly valuable when using a Facebook profile for your business because these people can all see what the other person has to share on their profile. They can offer advertisement of your business through just word of mouth to over millions of people in a single day. Businesses can also utilize Facebook to advertise, for example, with the election going on for the next presi dent the candidates are advertising their campaign in posts and blogs to win over votes of the users they attract with these advertisements. You can also use Facebook to target consumers specific to a certain geographic location. Another social network businesses can utilize is called Fast Pitch!. This company is more specific to the business realm and offer more particular tools for professionals in businesses, Fast Pitch! makes it easier for the professionals to network using a profile displaying what they do, what they sell, and what makes their company unique (Safko 451-452). Fast Pitch! gives companies the ability to share ideas and collaborate through virtual trade shows. They do this by using live video chats or two way video calls using Skype or Voip. Fast Pitch! also gives you the ability to publish content such as press releases, news, videos, and podcasts. Fast Pitch! also has a system that automatically targets the audience the user is trying to reach ensuring that their posts are viewed by the target audience (Safko 52). Along with that feature there is tool that allows the user to gauge the success of their business using statistics of their business. Fast Pitch! is mainly for professionals in b usinesses as a marketing technique. Fast Pitch! can also be for those seeking employment. Fast Pitch! doesnt keep inactive profiles around, they delete the profiles that arent being used so there is only active profiles making searches and collaboration and just the entire network run a lot smoother. LinkedIn is another online network that businesses can utilize to gain the trust of consumers and other businesses to expand growth. This network uses a technique called degrees, connections are rated in degrees, meaning direct connections are first degree connections, users listed as connections on that users profile are second degree connections and so forth (Safko 458). There are also features on LinkedIn where users can ask questions and get answers from other users and businesses. In addition to answering those questions they can also offer resolutions and recommendations. On one account a linked in user made a profit of one hundred thousand dollars annually while spending only seven thousand annually searching through LinkedIn. Another popular form of social media is blogging, and this includes micro-blogging. Blogging is all about what you feel like you want to say. It can be from voicing your opinion to support your beliefs all the way to updating information. Blogs are read by millions of people each day and are shared with just about everybody they know depending on how relevant they think that blog is to how they feel and if it is something they feel should be shared with their community. Micro-blogging is almost the same as blogging but it is shortened to fewer than 200 characters. Micro-blogs are popular due to the fact that they are short and to the point, giving readers a full understanding in a small easy to read text. Twitter is a popular micro-blog. Twitter gives users the ability to follow other users they feel have the same connection in beliefs or just have the same general liking of certain subjects. With twitter users are able to share their current activity or state of mind with friends an d strangers (Safko 538). Twitter is majorly helpful to businesses and has been given the title word of mouth engine by Chris Winfield. Twitter is capable of updating users about the people they are following through the website, RSS feeds, mobile texts messages, or email. Twitter can also work with other social networking cites, updating users through Facebook. Twitter gives businesses a way to receive feedback about their products or services through a market with no fees. Twitter is for everyone, including entrepreneurs to fortune 500 companies. Twitter is a huge network with simple commands that keep everyone using it connected in some sort of way. When a user sees a post, he or she can share that post by reposting it on their own profile, allowing every one of their followers to see it and repost it themselves. One key example of use of twitter is when NASA found water ice on mars with the Phoenix Mars Lander; they used twitter to share the news of this new found discovery. Another account of the use of twitter in business was in February of 2010. A man by the name of Chris Hughes launched his own canvas bag company called Artifact Bag Co: In 2010, after a year of quietly following Michael Williams style bog, A Continuous Lean, Hughes spotted a tweet about of set of chairs that the blogger thought looked cool but were overpriced. Turns out, Hughes had won those exact chairs on eBay, and he commented on the post. Then he crossed his fingers, hoping Williams would take a few seconds to click through to the Artifacts website. Within an hour, Williams pivotal tweet came: This waxed canvas lunch bag is nice-looking (with a link to the item). Soon the fashion press came calling, and after the tote was featured in A Continuous Leans holiday buying guide, Hughes found himself with a more than 400-unit backlog that took six months to whittle down, even with the help of contract workers (Wang 54) This is just another small example of how quickly one tweet can help expand your business exponentially. Chris Hughes states that social media can be easily abused and only properly works if you use thought capital. Though capital includes presenting the product or services to the public in an appealing manner. This is basically how you would present the product in an online storefront, or E-commerce. Other non-traditional services one may look at for the growth of their business through social media include Ning, and online gaming. Ning is another social network but it differs from your typical idea of social network that already has a large network pre-established that you join, Ning gives the user the opportunity to design their own network on the internet and allows other users to join your private social network. Users can make their own profile for different networks, allowing a user to have a profile on more than one network all linked together. Ning allows the user to customize their own network to their specific needs, As the Ning web site puts it, the Ning platform is the software equivalent of Home Depot. Unlike other services that offer a one-size-fits all offering, your social network on Ning runs on a programmable platform (Safko 464). This ultimately gives the user full control of their personal social network. So as far as how Ning can be used, it all depends on ho w you want to implement it into your business. Anyone can use Ning and create their own social networks, such as musicians, to give fans updates and tour dates and post contests. Online gaming is a very unique and original way to reach consumers and advertise your product or services. Some may not see the potential of advertising through online gaming: Many people tend to view online video games as an activity with no business value- a waste of time in which only teenagers participate. However when you have fifty thousand to eight million people in the same place with the same interests in a trusted network, a business opportunity exists(Safko 321) If you take a look at new video games that are coming out, they advertise their new products in this particular field because their main consumers are already using their platform, or consol. Video game developers are not the only ones who can and do advertise in an online gaming environment, Barack Obama had his campaign for presidency advertised on Xbox Live, a popular online gaming network. He bought his advertising to be placed in a popular game called Burnout Paradise. With social networking your business depends on the people that you dont have a relationship established yet, meaning that the people you know the least are the people that are helping your business grow by sharing what they know about to other people they know and expanding your business growth. Yes these relationships with people you know the least can be established by the consumers and the strong relationships you have with other people, but these people already have an established connection with your business and therefore are not contributing to growth of social capital. Scott Goodson, author of Uprising states that the old way of marketing- Pitching a product to the largest possible audience through mass media- is dying. He argues that the best way to reach people is to look for topics and causes around which they are already gathering and align ones brand with those topics(Stanford Social Innovation Review 15). The way I feel about Goodsons idea is, yes it helps, but you hav e to use social media to gather this information of topics and ideas that consumers look at. Secondly in order for a business to get these topics and ideas of a new brand know to the general public, they must make their new product well known and have an honest established connection between the product/services and the consumer. This day in age, social may be the fastest way to establish a connection with those consumers that you know the least through the consumers you already have an established connection with. Social networking can exponentially help any business, large or small. Word of mouth through any sort of followers on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn or any online blog will get your business known to millions of people in different geographical locations. Online social networking is not the only way to get your business in a social network though; traditional conferences and trade shows are still just as effective. Trade shows and conferences arent the only place you can advertise your business through word of mouth. Other places may include restaurants, a get together like a cocktail party, you can pretty much get your business into a social network through word of mouth just about anywhere you are likely to meet people. All it takes is just a little friendly talking, then those people start talking to other people whom talk to other people they know which can drastically increase business and revenue. Not only can social networking get your business name out to those customers that normally would be hard to reach out to, but it can also help someone seeking employment in businesses or help a business find applicants. Some years ago, but including today, job hunters would pour through the classified ads in the newspapers, especially on Sunday mornings, hoping to catch a glimpse of something for which they might remotely qualify (Lindsell-Roberts 43). In todays society the task of seeking employment is not as daunting, you can just do a Google search for something in your field of expertise and you will find a never ending list of businesses seeking applicants and new hires. These businesses use social networks to list openings and positions available to reach out to those who wouldnt normally have known about their business otherwise. Social networking may not be for every business as far as marketing though, many times social networking may not show any signs of helping your business. These tactics dont replace the traditional face to face kind of business, although reaching out to new customers is always good, and a lot of the time social networks are the best way to reach those outside of your geographic location. But how do those people know what kind of business you offer? This tactic involves a lot of dedication to your website or online profile including update, events, sales, offers, and customer service. With social networking your business depends on the people that you dont have a relationship established with yet, meaning that the people you know the least are the people that are helping your business grow by sharing what they know about your business, to other people they know, expanding your business growth. The relationship you have with already established consumers doesnt really help expand your social capital, these connections dont really take your business name further out to those you havent reached yet. Scott Goodson, author of Uprising states that the old way of marketing- Pitching a product to the largest possible audience through mass media- is dying. He argues that the best way to reach people is to look for topics and causes around which they are already gathering and align ones brand with those topics(Manzo 15). The way I feel about Goodsons idea is, yes it helps, but you have to use social media to gather this information of topics and ideas that consumers look at . Secondly in order for a business to get these topics and ideas of a new brand know to the general public, they must make their new product well known and have an honest established connection between the product/services and the consumer. This day in age, social may be the fastest way to establish a connection with those consumers that you know the least through the consumers you already have an established connection with. I believe social networking in businesses has already been in use, but online social networking has majorly played a key role in expanding current businesses and helping small beginner businesses start out. The social media plays a big role in consumers opinions in todays society. Most consumers read reviews that other consumers post in all of these social networks and base their opinion of these businesses off of the majority of what other consumers say about that business. That being said social networks have absolutely helped the growth and take off of many businesses. At the same time it also depends on what kind of business operation you run. Customer support is a key necessity in businesses using social networks. If you dont maintain a good rapport with your consumers then your business can build a bad reputation over a social network which can cause terrible business. For those businesses with good a rapport then this technique would be a good investment to help increase reven ue. So in conclusion social networks have helped businesses grow and establish connections between consumers and other businesses.

Ava DuVernays Documentary: 13th, an Analysis

Ava DuVernays Documentary: 13th, an Analysis 13th Documentary Close Reading Analysis In the mid-1960s, Malcolm X said, If you stick a knife nine inches into my back and pull it out three inches, that it not progress. Even if you pull it all the way out, that is not progress. Progress is healing the wound, and America hasnt even begun to pull out the knife. And, to this day, Malcolm Xs words are just as salient and prophetic as they were during the Civil Rights Era. The exigent problem that American society recognizes but refuses to acknowledge is that black people have and continue to be excluded from the so-called white American humanity. Some Americans could argue that the 13th amendment left an encouraging and indelible impression on the racial fabric of American society. There is a historical and prevalent notion that America prides and extols herself in her pursuit for equality and justice. Furthermore, America worships herself on the alters of democracy, justice and equality. American patriots said that black people should be grateful for the 13th amendment. Bu t, the problem, like an ominous shadow, remains. American patriots said that they acknowledged the error of their ways and consequently conferred former black slaves with the 14th and 15th amendments; yet, the exigent issue remains. American patriots told black people to show some gratitude for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and yet, the problem akin to an individual who tirelessly struggles to extricate himself from the invisible shackles, remains. Though some could argue that the passing of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 reflect the racial progress of America, I would argue that these same laws that sought to include black people into humanity reflects white American societys estrangement and vehement opposition towards humanity. Furthermore, these amendments have also represented the painful struggle of black peoples quest to become legally human. In Ava DuVernays documentary, 13th, the use of storytelling is used to accent the reality that th e legacies of the 13th amendment and slavery are still very visible in black communities. The storytelling in the documentary is didactic in form, and this didacticism is ultimately used to expose the reality that the further white America runs from the truth, the sooner the truth will find her. The use of storytelling in the DuVernays documentary is used to illustrate the legacies of slavery and the 13th amendment. According to the documentary, from Nixons time as president to the present, the war on drugs has become more insidious and more lethal. During his presidency, Nixon tacitly said that the black population was a menace to society. Thus, Nixon created a system that exclusively targeted black people without explicitly expressing the underlying motivations and inspiration of an unjust criminal system. Instead of a war on black people, Nixon proposed a war on drugs. During Regans presidency, the war on drugs was consecrated. Throughout time, this war on drugs became more insidious and was born and reborn throughout various presidencies. To this day, the war on drugs is a war on black people. However, the primary users of illegal drugs are middle-class white people (Knafo, 2013). Interestingly, Americas illegal drug trade is a $151 billion-dollar industry (Knafo, 2013). Given the poverty and structural inequality in black communities, black people from urban settings such as the south side of Chicago, East Orange, New Jersey, or Compton, California are not the primary beneficiaries of this prominent industry. Through this, we witness the way state and federal governments use drugs to imprison black people. In turn, black peoples imprisonment has become a private venture. However, this is not a novel occurrence. There have been historical primordial forces that have contributed to the current racial inequalities and criminal injustices. Many American patriots view the 13th amendment as one of the most significant milestones in the history of America. Though the 13th amendment seemingly established all former slaves to legal human status, there was a caveat in the clause: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or place subject to their jurisdiction (DuVernay, 2016). In essence, slavery was illegal except for those who committed a criminal offense, which means a black person can be re-enslaved. Before the 13th Amendment, most convicts in prisons were white people. However, after the 13th amendment, most prisoners were black people. In addition, these former slaves were imprisoned and fined for petty theft, vagabondage and lack of keeping a steady job (DuVernay). If black people could not pay the fines, some were sold to mining and timber companies whilst others were sold back to the southern plantations that they worked on before the passing of the 13th Amendment. Under the convict lease program, prisoners were forced to work in deplorable conditions and many convicts died from disease and abuse. In time, the convict lease program gave birth to chain gangs, in which black prisoners were chained together whilst undergoing laborious and menial work, effectively reinforcing and perpetrating the enslavement o f black males (Slavery by Another Name, PBS). During the 1950s, American society gradually illegalized chain gangs (Slavery by Another Name, PBS). Thus, American society forgot of the criminal injustices of the ancient past. The role of storytelling can be used to look at the current war on drugs and reflect on its historical utility in assuaging the conscience of white America. According to the documentary, the imprisonment sentence for the possession of crack cocaine is approximately 100 times more grievous than the sentence for the possession of powdered cocaine. Not only does the use of storytelling reveal the lineage of the 13th amendment, from convict leasing, to chain gangs, and ultimately to the epidemic of the prison industrial complex, but it also reveals that the legacies of slavery and the 13th amendment are still very visible in black communities today. In the documentary, the storytelling is didactic in form. Through this narrative storytelling, it seeks to re-educate American society, and challenge white Americas notions of democracy, justice and equality. Malcom X aptly said, History is a peoples memory, and without memory, man is demoted to the lower animals. I would argue that the didactic nature of the storytelling serves not only to educate, but to challenge white America. Furthermore, the instructive lessons of history that are characterized in this storytelling serves as a plea for America to wake up, and for America to claim the humanity that it has historically abandoned. In the early 1900s, it was common for southern whites to imprison black people in zoos for the general publics entertainment and satisfaction (ABS Staff). In addition, mothers would pull their children out of school to witness the exhibition of black mothers, fathers and small children in zoos. The exhibition of black people in zoos was a deliberate acti on in characterizing black people as members of a criminal, savage, and suspicious race. In essence, these human zoo exhibitions sought to represent black people as innately primitive, brutish and uncivilized. Though, some may now say that we do not commit such unspeakable atrocities, I would argue that the past informs the present. In the documentary, contributors described the media promotion of imprisoned black people as innately primitive, unhinged, amoral, and dehumanized beings. Though, we may not throw bread crumbs to African-American male prisoners, we still throw proverbial bread crumbs, when the media exploits black males humanities.   With the use of didacticism in storytelling, the narrative presented in the story seeks to re-educate, eradicate the amnesia of American society, and ultimately reveal the haunting reality: the further white America runs from truth, the sooner it will find her. In Ava Duverneys documentary, 13th, the use of storytelling is used to accent the reality that the legacies of the 13th amendment and slavery are still very visible in black communities. The storytelling in the documentary is didactic in form, and this didacticism is ultimately used to expose the reality that the further America runs from truth the sooner it finds her. In both content and form, this documentary sought to educate, inspire, confront, challenge, and expose the legacies of the 13th amendment in hopes that white American society will begin to humanize herself. Works Cited 13th. Dir. Ava   DuVernay. 13th. Netflix, 7 Oct. 2016. Web. 12 Mar. 2017. Chain Gangs. PBS. Public Broadcasting Service, n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Knafo, Saki. When It Comes To Illegal Drug Use, White America Does The Crime, Black America Gets The Time. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Staff, ABS. 13 Shameful Pictures of Europeans Placing African People in Human Zoos. Atlanta Black Star. N.p., 29 Dec. 2016. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Ryanair: Porters Five Forces Ryanair: Porters Five Forces Ryanair, is Europes first and largest low fares airline. It was founded in 1985, set up by the Ryan family, with 2 aircrafts, 51 staff and 1 flight route from Waterford in the southeast of Ireland to London Gatwick daily. The vision of Ryanair start as no frills brand, low fares flight, raise ancillary revenue and finally to be no fares flight if available. Ryanairs objective is become the leader of the Europes low-fares airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of low-fares passenger service. It aims to offer low fares to attract and queue up the passenger during the aircraft maintenance checking to ensure cost-containment and operating efficiencies for shorten the turnaround time. Nowadays, Ryanair own uniformed fleet of Boeing NG 737-800s in total of 210, hired 7200 staff and 150 destination points within 26 countries. The passenger traffic grew to about 65,300,000 passengers a year, it hold 28.67% of the entire passenger in the European Low Fares Airline Association (ELFAA). Ryanair had listed at the first place, as the champion airline with the most passengers in Europe which provide low fare short-haul travel. The low fare strategy provide Ryanair a shortcut to raise the profit and ancillary revenue, it made Ryanair kept success in the future. This is the reason that Ryanair has been so successful thus far. Five Forces analysis Threat of entry Ryanair is a well-known low-fares airline in Europe since 1985 and it was a strong airline brand. If there have any potential new entrants get into the airline industry market, they may need to outlay a large amount of advertising fee to compete on Ryanairs battleground, the European airline industry. Ryanair after setup the online booking and reservation system Skylights, it has heavily promoted its website through newspaper, radio and television advertising, there have been savings the marketing and distribution costs. Competitive rivalry Ryanair has an advantage over other rival airlines, no-frills and low-fares are the company policy. It expanding the short-haul flight routes, using point-to-point strategy and shorten the flight turnarounds to reduce the cost outlay. However, other airlines compete in cost increasing competition, for the more price sensitive customers with high customers benefit, using price wars between rival airlines. At the low price airlines, EasyJet is one of the competitor, but not really compete with Ryanair. The aim of the competitive rivalry is the threat to lead for sales decline. Bargaining power of Suppliers For an airline, suppliers are mainly limited to the aeroplane and fuel supply. Ryanair had made very good relationship to its unique aeroplane suppliers, Boeing. Ryanair made a large volume contract with Boeing within the economic downturn at 2002 while other airlines on hold the aircraft purchase, and Boeing need to provide up to 150 of 737-800 type aircraft for Ryanair. In addition, Boeing also provides various ancillary products, spare parts support and technical support for Ryanair. By the expanding to the aircraft, Ryanair can expand more destinations in Europe and provide low-fare ticket to the passengers, this make Ryanair become the youngest carrier in Europe and listed as second largest airlines worldwide which behind the Southwest airline. The fuel price is governed by world trade and fuel market dominated by the Middle Eastern countries. Ryanair was dependent on hedging, based on educated guessing for the fuel, to meet its low-fares policy. Bargaining power of buyers In airline industry, there have standardized product, flexible demand, airline brand and the service quality for consumers to determine and concern. Ryanair sold the flight ticket for customers through its website online system, this is the main reason can provide competitive price which in the industry level. Threat of substitute In continental Europe, it offers an excellent railway trains which connected to the major cities that Ryanair can fly to, but the train ticket is very expensive than Ryanair and also need to endure a longer journey. The second choice is driving car travel from place to place, but it is also time consuming than Ryanair and may meet lots of road problems and hassles. And the last one, it should be the video conference, this is not a kind of transport service, it is global communication technology which solves the travel time and timing problem for the meeting and dealing agreement via web-camera, computer and internet network. It should be much cheaper than Ryanair and most convenience for Business Corporation. PESTEL analysis (P)olitical There was political stability in the countries inside Europe, it attracts more people to travel within Europe and feel safety. Middle East OPEC had a political force for the fuel oil. European Union (EU) had expansion to 27 countries, and abolished the duty-free sales, this encourage Ryanair plan to open new flight routes to gain profits and raise ancillary revenue. The impact of political factors was low. (E)conomical The market which outside the Europe was undeveloped, their market and the countries economies was non-stable. Most of the Europe countries had joined into the EU, the economies and consumers was stable and growth. However, the fuel price had kept increase on a high price level, depreciation of US dollars make inflation in US economy and affected other countries currencies. In case, Ryanair can gain lot of regional subsidies to solve the high fuel price. In Europe, some countries had its own local high-speed trains as main transportation for citizens. The impact of economical factors was low. (S)ocial The economies of the EU countries was stable, this change the citizens lifestyles, such as increasing holiday travelling and business travelling. The consumer demographics were changing and consumer preferences also fluctuating. This brings the increase of the grey market. The impact of social factors was high. (T)echnological The use of Boeing NG 737-800s aircraft was low emission, low fuel burning consumption and environmentally-friendly. This reduces the flight cost to provide low fares for passengers. Ryanair also provide online booking and reservation service on its website (www.ryanair.com) which called Skylights, designed by Accenture Open Skies. It allows internet users to access Ryanairs host reservation system and to make payment for confirmed reservations in real time. The result of internet booking had growth rapidly since Ryanair launch the Skylights system. The impact of technological factors was low. (E)nvironmental Ryanair had changed its fleet from Boeing 737-200 aircraft to Boeing NG 737-800s Next Generation aircraft since the replacement and expansion programme start at 1999. Ryanair own and operate the youngest and most fuel efficient aircraft fleet in Europe. Ryanair as the Europes greenest airline has minimized and continues to reduce fuel burn and CO2 emissions combination with numerous fuel saving measures, such as using latest aircraft winglets design and engine technology. It helps to increase fuel efficiency and limit emissions. Ryanair is also the European leader in noise levels controls, and it is good at waste reduction of low-fare low-cost business model, such as no free meals, drinks or newspapers offer. (L)egal Ryanair was focus on airports terms and conditions and deal airport access and service charges agreement among airports, many airports has allowed Ryanair to negotiate favorable contracts with access airports facilities. Strengths analysis Ryanair had the first mover advantage and it is a low cost Airline Business Model that restructured European Aviation Industry as low cost leader with substantial growth. It use pioneer innovative cost reduction methods and established market share with high load factor. Ryanair had a good strong public image which provide various ancillary services and kept expanding flight routes. Ryanair also is the member of safety committee. Weaknesses analysis Ryanair had incompatible relationship with competitors, with fickle customer relations. It manages uncharacteristic expansion and only relies on Michael OLeary. Strategy evaluation Ryanair mainly focus on online bookings service and only provide one class travel with ticketless boarding and unallocated seats. Their flights just fly to secondary or regional airports with point-to-point flying and reduced turnaround times. Ryanair work their marketing in-house, no frills and no refund policy. It owns Europe youngest and large uniform new fleets of Boeing NG737-800s. It operations denominated in Europe and hedge fuel risk to avoid high fuel cost.

A World Without Art :: Music Senses Hearing Essays

A World Without Art Periodically, the question will come up, â€Å" If you had to give up one of your senses, which one would you select?† Which one, the question implies, could you best do without? I ruminate on this question occasionally, wondering what it would be like to be without something that that is so taken for granted that I don’t even really think about it at all. What, I ask myself, would I miss the most? These questions come to mind when I watch a little girl in one of my kindergarten classes who is profoundly deaf. She wears massive hearing aids, and is able to understand much of what goes on around her, but I wonder, when the children are singing the little songs they learn to help them remember their counting or alphabet skills, or any of the myriad of other songs they learn, what does she hear then? She maintains of look of puzzlement on her face, as if she can’t quite figure out what the rest of the children are doing. Does she hear the music? Does it make any sense to her? Or is it just a bit of confusing noise that she can’t decipher? I wonder again when I watch a blind man navigate through the campus library, cane held out in front of him, following the textured path laid out to make his journey easier, unaware of the student art which adorns the walls next to him. Sometimes it’s good, sometimes it’s wretched, mostly it’s indifferent, but he will never know as he maneuvers his way past this month’s offerings. The vivid slashes of color, the layers of texture, the intricate detail of the artistic renderings will never pierce the darkness of his world. What does he think when he hears conversations about art, about color. Does he paint visual pictures in his mind? Or do the words we use to describe things visually take on a completely different meaning for him? These thoughts take on a personal significance as I think about living a life without art. As a cook, the thought of being unable to taste the chocolate mousse, or the hollandaise sauce is a distressing notion, to put it mildly. Good food brings great joy to my life, and I would hate having to give up that part of my life. I am after all, the woman who trekked all the way from San Francisco to Vienna in search of the perfect Doboschtorte.The holidays see me virtually chained to my butcher-block worktable, turning out dozens of tins of cookies, A World Without Art :: Music Senses Hearing Essays A World Without Art Periodically, the question will come up, â€Å" If you had to give up one of your senses, which one would you select?† Which one, the question implies, could you best do without? I ruminate on this question occasionally, wondering what it would be like to be without something that that is so taken for granted that I don’t even really think about it at all. What, I ask myself, would I miss the most? These questions come to mind when I watch a little girl in one of my kindergarten classes who is profoundly deaf. She wears massive hearing aids, and is able to understand much of what goes on around her, but I wonder, when the children are singing the little songs they learn to help them remember their counting or alphabet skills, or any of the myriad of other songs they learn, what does she hear then? She maintains of look of puzzlement on her face, as if she can’t quite figure out what the rest of the children are doing. Does she hear the music? Does it make any sense to her? Or is it just a bit of confusing noise that she can’t decipher? I wonder again when I watch a blind man navigate through the campus library, cane held out in front of him, following the textured path laid out to make his journey easier, unaware of the student art which adorns the walls next to him. Sometimes it’s good, sometimes it’s wretched, mostly it’s indifferent, but he will never know as he maneuvers his way past this month’s offerings. The vivid slashes of color, the layers of texture, the intricate detail of the artistic renderings will never pierce the darkness of his world. What does he think when he hears conversations about art, about color. Does he paint visual pictures in his mind? Or do the words we use to describe things visually take on a completely different meaning for him? These thoughts take on a personal significance as I think about living a life without art. As a cook, the thought of being unable to taste the chocolate mousse, or the hollandaise sauce is a distressing notion, to put it mildly. Good food brings great joy to my life, and I would hate having to give up that part of my life. I am after all, the woman who trekked all the way from San Francisco to Vienna in search of the perfect Doboschtorte.The holidays see me virtually chained to my butcher-block worktable, turning out dozens of tins of cookies,

The Young Offenders Act :: Free Essay Writer

The Young Offenders Act This essay was written to show the advantages and disadvantages of the Young Offenders Act over the previous Juvenile Delinquents Act. Also it should give a theoretical underezding of the current Canadian Juvenile-Justice system, the act and it's implications and the effects of the young offenders needs and mental health on the outcome of the trials. In the interest of society the young offenders act was brought forth on april second 1984. This act was created to ensure the rights and the needs of a young person. Alan W. Leshied says "On one hand the justice and legal objectives of the act are being effectively realized while on the other hand the needs and treatment aspects of it leave much to be desired." The research of the Young offenders act is still ongoing but Leshied says that it is becoming clear that the custody positions have been in dispute since the act came into effect. The old Juvenile delinquency act states in section 38 "The care and custody and discipline of a juvenile delinquent shall approximate as nearly as maybe that which should be given by his parents, and... as far as practability every juvenile delinquent shall be treated, not as a criminal, but as a misguided and misdirected child . . . needing aid, encouragement, help and assiezce."(Page 72) If a youth is close to the adult age of 18 years they could be transfered to the adult justice system. This means that they would be given the same sentences as an adult including and up to life in prison. Many people have tried to correct this problem that they see as a weakness. Yet, so far their attempts have failed. Another weakness they find, is that the courts are expensive and unsatisfactory methods of dealing with crime that is not very serious. Before the fabrication of legal aid most young offenders were not able to obtain legal services. "Subsection 11 (4) provides that, were a young person wishes to obtain counsel but is not able to do so, the youth-court judge shall refer the young person to the provincial legal-aid, or assiezce program. If no such program is available or the young person is unable to obtain counsel through an available program, the youth court judge may, and on the request of the young person shall direct the young person to be represented by counsel.

Answer Key for Effective Writing 3

Answer Key Booklet 2 Contents Answer Key Unit 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Unit 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Unit 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Unit 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Unit 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Unit 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford o x2 6dp UK The Publisher grants permission for the photocopying of those pages marked â€Å"photocopiable† according to the following conditions. Individual purchasers may make copies for their own use or for use by classes they teach.School purchasers may make copies for use by their staff and students. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. 1 198 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 USA Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices inAny websites referred to in this publication are in the public domain and their addresses are provided by Oxford University Press for information only. Oxford University Press disclaims any responsibility for the content. oxford and o xford english are registered trademarks of Oxford University Press Executive Publisher: Janet Aitchison Senior Acquisitions Editor: Pietro Alongi Associate Editor: Scott Allan Wallick Art Director: Maj-Britt Hagsted Production Manager: Shanta Persaud Production Controller: Eve Wong  © Oxford University Press 2007 isbn: 978- 0-19-430884-7 Database right Oxford University Press (maker)Printed in Hong Kong All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of Oxford University Press, with the sole exception of photocopying carried out under the conditions that follow. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Answer Key Unit  The Five-Paragraph Essay 4 . No, the conclusion in the five-paragraph essay is not ifferent from that of the short essay on page 3 . Part 1: Stimulating Ideas Part 2: Developing the Five-Paragraph Essay Exercise 2 (pp. 3â€⠀œ4) Exercise  (p. 9) A . 1 . a 2 . b 3 . c B . Answers will vary. 1 . To achieve this goal, I focused on three points: the content of an essay, correct grammar, and advanced level vocabulary . It is the thesis of the essay because it states what the entire essay is about . 2 . As soon as I started to write for college, I realized that college writing was different from the writing I was used to doing . It is the topic sentence because it states what the body paragraph is about . . The details in the body paragraph give explanations and examples to support the topic sentence . 4 . It sums up the ideas of the essay, and it brings it to a close . Exercise 3 (pp. 5–7) A . Answers will vary. B . 1 . Thesis statement: â€Å"To achieve this goal, I focused on three points: the content of an essay, correct grammar, and advanced level vocabulary . † No, the thesis statement is not different from the thesis statement of the short essay on page 3 . 2 . Each topic sentence suppo rts the thesis statement . First body paragraph topic sentence: â€Å"As soon as I started to write for college, I realized that college riting was different from the writing I was used to doing . † Second body paragraph topic sentence: â€Å"I realized I had to improve my understanding of grammar in order to write for college . † Third body paragraph topic sentence: â€Å"I soon realized that academic writing required a much more sophisticated vocabulary . † 3 . The body paragraphs of the five-paragraph essay expand on the information provided in the single body paragraph of the short essay by giving examples and anecdotes . The body paragraphs of the five-paragraph essay are more analytical in nature . 1 . Hook: â€Å"It was a sunny day in the summer of 1998 hen my family moved out of the city to the suburbs . † 2 . I did not like leaving because I would lose my friends and the places where I had had so much fun . It was very sad for me to see my friend s standing in front of the old house as we said our last goodbyes . 3 . Thesis statement: â€Å"Little did I know that this move would turn out to be one of the best moments of my life . † 4 . Topic: â€Å"Little did I know that this move . . . † 5 . Controlling idea: â€Å" . . . would turn out to be one of the best moments of my life . † Exercise 2 (p. 0) Body Paragraph 1 Answers will vary. 1 . As soon as I started to write for college, I realized hat college writing was different from the writing I was used to doing . 2 . The writer gives supporting details . In high school, most of the writer’s writing dealt with personal experiences with family, childhood, and friends . In contrast, college writing is focused on a variety of unfamiliar issues, such as reacting to a piece of literature or writing about the community . The most important thing for the writer was to understand the assigned topic before attempting a first draft . The writer wanted to in clude examples, statistics, and direct quotations whenever possible for support . These etails support the topic sentence because they elaborate on the topic sentence . 3 . b Body Paragraph 2 Answers will vary. 1 . I realized that I had to improve my understanding of grammar in order to write for college . 2 . The writer gives supporting details . Before the writer came to college, grammar was not Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key  a strong point . The writer often created run-on sentences or sentence fragments . The writer was more concerned with what to say than how it was said . The professors would not accept this kind of writing and made the writer revise many times .Consequently, the writer made grammar the second priority . The writer reviewed the basic grammatical structures such as subjects and verbs and checked all work for verb tense consistency and punctuation . As a result, the writer’s work became more complex because the writer included transitional wor ds, gerunds, and embedded clauses . These details support the topic sentence because they elaborate on the topic sentence . 3 . a Body Paragraph 3 Answers will vary. 1 . I soon realized that academic writing required a much more sophisticated vocabulary . 2 . The writer gives supporting details . The writer as accustomed to writing letters and informal essays, so the writer usually wrote the way the writer speaks with family and friends . It was common for the writer to include slang and abbreviated terms, which were appropriate in social contexts but were unacceptable in formal essays . The writer’s third goal became improving vocabulary . The writer bought a dictionary and thesaurus, became more aware of how often the same words and phrases were repeated throughout the essay, and looked for synonyms to replace words that the writer thought were too simple for a college essay . The writer also focused ore on the rules of spelling and corrected any errors . These details supp ort the topic sentence because they elaborate on the topic sentence . 3 . a Exercise 3 (p. ) 1 . 3 2 . The first sentence restates the thesis: â€Å"Academic writing requires critical thinking skills, an understanding of the topic, high level vocabulary, and correct grammar . † 3 . d Part 3: Unity and Coherence Exercise  (p. 2) Having my friends and family together at my wedding was an amazing experience . I had not seen some of my uncles, cousins, and aunts for many years . My cousin Tom lives in London, where he works as 2Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key an engineer . Both my mother and father were born in different countries, so my relatives are scattered all over the world . I really like traveling and have been to Europe and Asia . Although we try to get together for important occasions, this was the first time everyone could attend . Most importantly, my good friends had never met my relatives . Developing good friendships takes a lot of work . Watching them all dancing, laughing, and having a wonderful time will stay in my memory forever . The band we hired played music that the guests loved and we danced for hours .My original guest list had over 200 people, but I had to cut it down to 150 . It was difficult finding a group that could play all the diverse styles that I wanted at the wedding . Most bands specialize in one or two different kinds of music . However, these musicians really knew all types of music—from 1940s jazz and swing to salsa, merengue, and even hip-hop . My brother was once in a rock and roll band . In short, there was music to suit everyone’s tastes . I loved the singer’s dress . It was incredible . Even my grandparents danced all night . Exercise 2 (p. 4) 1 . a, c, d 2 . a, b, d, e Exercise 3 (p. 5) 2 . 3 . a Exercise 4 (p. 6) Answers will vary. 2 . Learning a foreign language takes a lot of patience and effort . Moreover, it helps to have a good ear and be able to spend some time in the h ost country . 3 . The college student was told to revise her essay a third time . Nevertheless, she has still made great progress with her writing skills . 4 . John Steinbeck, a famous American author, wrote many books concerning the human condition . For example, his novel The Grapes of Wrath dealt with the problems of the Great Depression . 5 . Academic writing requires standard grammar, sophisticated vocabulary, and proper rganization . In contrast, e-mail messages use abbreviations, symbols, and slang . 6 . Nowadays research is often done on the Internet . Previously, important information was stored on special film called microfiche. Exercise 5 (p. 7) Answers will vary. A . If you want to make rice, first boil some water . Next, add rice . Then cook for about 20 minutes . B . If you want to learn Spanish, the most important thing is to take a Spanish class . The second priority is to practice speaking Spanish with friends . Then visit a Spanish-speaking country . Exercise 6 (p . 8) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . She this they we s They us Exercise 7 (p. 9) 2 . As a teenager, I reported on school events, edited articles for the high school newspaper, and published some of my stories . 3 . Some of the rewards of being an author are learning about historical events, researching the lives of famous people, and discovering facts about yourself . 4 . Attending workshops on writing has taught me how to receive criticism, become a more focused writer, and take more risks . Part 4: Editing Your Writing Exercise  (p. 20) 2 . I felt very confident because I had spent a long time practicing . 3 . Since it was my graduation, I bought a beautiful ew outfit . 4 . Although the ceremony was very long, nobody was bored . 5 . We went out for a fancy meal after the ceremony ended . 6 . My family took a lot of photographs which I still enjoy looking at . Exercise 2 (p. 2) 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . RO RO C RO C Exercise 3 (p. 22) 2 . The nineteenth-century British novelist Charlott e Bronte wrote Jane Eyre, and her younger sister Emily was the author of the classic Wuthering Heights . 3 . Upton Sinclair was concerned about social and political problems of his times, so he wrote The Jungle, exposing the unsanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry . 4 .Jane Austen’s original version of Pride and Prejudice was written when she was only twenty years old, yet it was not published for almost two decades . 5 . The anthropologist Margaret Mead went to Samoa to collect data for her book, for she was interested in researching the role of adolescent girls in a non-Western culture . 6 . Writers often use biographical information, or they adapt the background of other people for their story . Exercise 4 (p. 23) 2 . Margaret Mitchell was able to write the epic novel Gone with the Wind because she understood the decline of the southern plantation owners . 3 .Although Somerset Maugham was a doctor, he wrote many important novels, short stories, and plays . 4 . So me of the Harry Potter books have already been made into movies since they are so popular . 5 . When Wallace Stevens received the Pulitzer Prize for his collected poems, he was vice president of an insurance company . Exercise 5 (p. 24) Answers will vary. 2 . When I visited her, she showed me photos of her vacation . 3 . Because she had a demanding job, she never had time to visit with friends . 4 . Since I was her favorite, I always got a special gift . 5 . After she got married, she started working owntown . Exercise 6 (p. 25) While I was visiting China, I (1) experienced experience a special kind of warmth from the people I (2) came come in contact with . I was always aware of their special quality of friendliness . I (3) had have the unique experience of being in Beijing on the night the Chinese (4) won win their bid to host the 2008 summer Olympics . On that night, I (5) was am one of a million and a half people who poured into the streets to express their joy and gratitude . I walked with them and (6) shook shake hands with as many people as I could while I sang out the words: â€Å"gong xi ni ba†Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key 3 (congratulations) . My words (7) were are always met with big smiles and enthusiastic handshakes . Those parents with kids on their shoulders, teenagers, and many others (8) felt feel as if the rest of the world was welcoming them into the global community . Now I wish them the best, and I am hoping to return one day . If you take a trip to China, you will experience the same kind of hospitality . Part 5: Putting It All Together Exercise 4 (p. 28) Exercise  (p. 26) 1 . Hook: â€Å"Difficult life-changing experiences become the memories that stay forever in our minds . † 2 .We have to learn to balance the positive and negative effects that these situations have on us . The day after I finished my first year at college, I had one of these life-changing experiences . 3 . Thesis statement: â€Å"Going on a j ob interview at an international bank taught me an important lesson . † 4 . Topic: Going on a job interview at an international bank . 5 . Controlling idea: The writer learned an important lesson . Exercise 2 (p. 26) a . 4 b . 1 c . 7 d . 3 e . 5 f . 2 g . 6 Exercise 3 (p. 27) A . I was in a rush to get there, (1) so I decided to take a taxi . The traffic was so horrible that the driver was in a bad mood . 2) When he He closed the door, my new skirt got caught . I tried desperately to pull it out, but it ripped . I thought about asking the driver to stop, (3) but I was too embarrassed to say anything . Although I was very upset (4) , . I tried to be calm . The ride was much longer than I expected, (5) and the air conditioning was not working . I did not want anything negative to block my mind (6) . I was eager to have this job . I wanted to have a good interview and make a strong impression (7) , since . Since I learned in school that first impressions are the most valuable . B . Finally when I arrived at the bank, I (1) looked ook at my skirt . The torn hem was hanging and was covered with dirt . Once inside, I (2) went go into the ladies room . I tried to wash my skirt and hold it together with a safety pin . A few minutes later, I was in the waiting room when the secretary (3) called call me . I was embarrassed and afraid that I wouldn’t get the job because of my sloppy appearance . The most interesting part was that the manager asked me what (4) happened 4 happen . When I (5) told tell her the story, she started to laugh . She (6) couldn’t can’t stop . She wanted to ask me something about myself, but she (7) kept keeps on aughing . Now I was sure I would not get the job . She said, â€Å"I will never forget this . I never thought that I (8) would will have such a good time today . You know, when you have to interview a lot of people in one day, it can become very boring . † Despite this ordeal, she assured me that I had th e right qualifications, and in the end she offered me the position . Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key 1 . We never know when a negative experience can end up being a positive influence on our life and can stay in our minds forever . 2 . d Exercise 5 (p. 28) 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . them it he it mine me us This Exercise 6 (p. 29) 1 . Sometimes when essays are written too quickly the sentences do not flow naturally . Therefore, you should always read your essay out loud to make sure it does . 2 . The sonnets of Shakespeare always rhyme . In contrast, modern poetry usually uses free verse that does not rhyme . 3 . Writing a good play requires a strong story line . Moreover, you need realistic dialogue and believable characters . 4 . William Shakespeare wrote comedies as well as tragedies . For example, The Taming of the Shrew and A Midsummer Night’s Dream both have happy endings . 5 .Computers have grammar and spell check . Nevertheless, a good writer should not depend on these tools . Exercise 7 (p. 30) 1 . A few years ago, I went to China to research a book, meet some old friends, and visit the famous temples . 2 . One day we toured the Ming Dynasty gardens, walked through the narrow streets, and visited the Great Wall . 3 . I ate with chopsticks, sampled spicy foods, and drank exotic teas . 4 . The Chinese are famous for creating silk screens, painting lacquer boxes, and inventing calligraphy . 5 . I enrolled in a Chinese culture class where I learned how to write a few characters, speak a ew words, and recognize the different tones of the language . Unit 2 Process Analysis Essays Part 1: Stimulating Ideas Exercise 3 (p. 34) will return home to eat and drink . The background information tells about celebration of the Day of the Dead . It tells when the celebration occurs and tells what the holiday is for . 3 . Thesis: â€Å"In my native town, Puebla, preparation begins three weeks before the holiday . † Answers will vary. 4 . Body paragraph 3 explains the process of families decorating and watching over the graves of dead relatives . 5 . a Part 3: Developing Your Ideas 5 . T Exercise  (p. 4) Answers will vary. . He had supernatural powers that helped him see the dead . 2 . Sonja’s offerings to the priests saved his mother . 3 . Families clean their homes, decorate the Buddhist altars, and light lanterns . 4 . Both children and adults participate in Bon Odori . 5 . Day of the Dead and Halloween Exercise 2 (p. 42) 1 . F 2 . T 3 . F 4 . T Exercise 4 (p. 34) Part 2: Brainstorming and Outlining Exercise 2 (p. 35) Answers will vary. 1 . Costumes: masks, makeup, traditional dress 2 . Foods: marshmallows, hamburgers, apple pie 3 . Music/Dance: national anthem, folk, circles 4 . Decorations: balloons, streamers, confettiExercise 3 (p. 36) Answers will vary. Exercise 4 (p. 38) A . 1 . The Day of the Dead is celebrated to remember the dead . 2 . People buy candles, incense, copal, fruit, flowers, and candies . 3 . The merchants build stalls to protect themselves and their products from the sunlight . 4 . Families go to the cemetery to decorate and to watch over the graves of dead relatives . 5 . Answers will vary. B . 1 . Hook: â€Å"Mexican culture is full of colorful traditions . † 2 . One of them is the celebration of the Day of the Dead . This special holiday for remembering the dead takes place on November 2 of every year . On hat day, families believe that their dead relatives The writer prepares a turkey for Thanksgiving dinner . A . 1 . The writer searched the Internet for recipes and got advice from friends . 2 . All the ingredients have to be fresh, especially the herbs . 3 . While the cornbread is baking, the other stuffing ingredients are being prepared . 4 . The size of the turkey determines the cooking time . 5 . Answers will vary . B . 1 . Hook: â€Å"The cashier gave me a free 12 pound turkey because my food receipt was over fifty dollars . † 2 . Thesis stat ement: â€Å"I did not know how to cook a turkey, but since I had gotten one, I decided it as a good opportunity to learn how . † Answers will vary. I wanted to learn how to cook a turkey, since I had gotten one at the supermarket . 3 . before, eventually, while, now, first, second, after, next, finally, then 4 . defrost, prepare, roast, take out, put in, take off, place, marinate, wash, poke, add, mix, brush, make, follow, bake, cut, saute, chop, cool off, mash up, fill, sew, cook 5 . Body paragraph 3 explains the steps in defrosting and preparing a turkey before it is roasted . 6 . The family said that the turkey was amazing and that the writer should prepare Thanksgiving dinner next year .Exercise 3 (p. 44) first, second, third, next, after this, then, finally Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key 5 Exercise 4 (p. 44) A . a . 6 c . 1 e . 2 b . 5 d . 3 f . 4 B . Before you begin, decide on a topic that you want to research . Second, review what has been written on the to pic . Third, organize the information in order of importance . Next, develop a term paper outline . After this, write the first draft of the paper . Finally, edit and revise your work . Exercise 5 (p. 45) 2 . Before you buy a computer disk, make sure it is compatible with your computer . Make sure the computer disk is compatible with our computer before you buy it . 3 . Before you use the new computer disk, format it . Format the new computer disk before you use it . 4 . After you save your essay on a disk, print it out . Print out your essay after you save it on a disk . 5 . As soon as you finish reading your email, log out . Log out as soon as you finish reading your email . 6 . After you close all programs, shut down the computer . Shut down the computer after you close all programs . Part 4: Editing Your Writing Exercise  (p. 49) 2 . Obon is celebrated by the Japanese in the summer . 3 . The fragrant fruit is protected from the sun by the talls . 4 . The grave must be guarded b y the relatives of the dead . 5 . The children were fascinated by the fireworks . 6 . Traditional food is sold to the families by the merchants . Exercise 2 (p. 50) 2 . Litter and trash should be picked up . 3 . Children must not be allowed to play with fireworks . 4 . Hot dogs and hamburgers must be cooked thoroughly . 5 . Music should not be played too loudly . 6 . Flags may be displayed in front of the houses . Exercise 3 (p. 50) 1 . Sushi is eaten in Japan . 2 . Many festivals are organized by the city government . 3 . Special breads and cakes are baked for the elebration . 4 . The turkey must be defrosted in the refrigerator . 6 Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key 5 . Green is worn by many people in the United States on Saint Patrick’s Day . 6 . A lot of flowers and chocolates are sold on Valentine’s Day . Exercise 4 (p. 5) 1 . X 2 . The gifts offered to the spirits are blessed by the families . 3 . X 4 . X 5 . The Buddhist altars are decorated by families . 6 . X Exercise 5 (p. 52) Every year, the falling autumn leaves signal the approach of Halloween . It is one of the most popular holidays in the United States, and it (1) is enjoyed by both children and adults .Many parties are held on this occasion when special costumes, masks, and wigs (2) are worn . Some of the most popular costumes that are (3) chosen chose are from children’s fairy tales as well as witches, ghosts, and famous movie stars . Prizes are often given for the most unusual and creative disguises . Faces are (4) painted paint with odd designs and colorful makeup . The fronts of many houses (5) are decorated with gravestones, monsters, and jack-o-lanterns . These lanterns are (6) made making from pumpkins, which are carved out to create scary faces . On the night of Halloween, children go trick-or-treating, which means oing from house to house to collect candy . For kids and adults alike, Halloween is great fun . But remember, young children should (7) to be acco mpanied by an adult at all times . Part 5: Putting It All Together Exercise  (p. 53) A . a . 2 c . 3 e . 1 b . 5 d . 6 f . 4 B . Answers will vary. First, check with your counselor for available scholarships . Second, select three or four scholarships that are appropriate for you . Third, go to the Internet and review the requirements . Next, request an application form . After this, complete the application . Finally, submit the application and wait for a response . Exercise 2 (p. 3) 1 . Before you enter a Japanese tea house, take off your shoes . or Take off your shoes before you enter a Japanese tea house . 2 . After you sit in the proper position, begin the ceremony . or Begin the ceremony after you sit in the proper position . 3 . As soon as you pour hot water into the tea bowl, stir the mixture . or Stir the mixture as soon as you pour hot water into the tea bowl . 4 . Before you taste the tea, admire the design of the bowl . or Admire the design of the bowl before you taste the tea . 5 . After you drink the tea, pass the bowl to the next person . or Pass the bowl to the next person after ou drink the tea . Exercise 3 (p. 54) 1 . Baseball players are idolized by the fans . 2 . Tickets can be bought on the Internet by fans . 3 . The games are often sponsored by large corporations . 4 . A special vest must be worn by the umpire . 5 . Baseball is watched by millions of viewers on TV . Exercise 4 (p. 54) 1 . Changes to the schedule must be approved by the principal . 2 . The electric drill must be plugged in . 3 . Banks and other businesses are closed on national holidays . 4 . Potatoes and other vegetables are grown in Idaho . 5 . A weekend edition is published by The New York Times . Exercise 5 (p. 55)In college, students have many responsibilities, and one of them is to understand the rules of the university . International students may be confused by some of these rules . For instance, on most American college campuses, alcohol consumption is (1) prohib ited prohibit because of the many alcohol-related deaths among young people . Educators believe that students should be (2) made make aware of the dangers of excessive drinking . Another issue is smoking in public spaces, which (3) is permitted in some countries around the world . In the majority of American schools, smoking is not (4) allowed allowing in the cafeterias, dormitories, and tudent unions . However, in most classrooms, food and drinks may (5) to be consumed . Before students enter a classroom or lecture hall, they are (6) expected expect to turn their cell phones off . Plagiarism and cheating on exams (7) is be not tolerated; serious consequences may result . Unit 3 Cause and Effect Essays Part 1: Stimulating Ideas Exercise 3 (p. 62) 1 . F 2 . F 3 . T 4 . T 5 . T Exercise 4 (p. 62) Answers will vary. 1 . While his peers spent money on fraternities and parties, Mighty invested in the stock market . He searched for answers on his own . 2 . He made a documentary while trav eling around he country asking people from many different backgrounds what they thought happiness was . 3 . You don’t need material wealth to enjoy your life; you just have to live it to the fullest . 4 . Answers will vary. 5 . Answers will vary. Part 2: Brainstorming and Outlining Exercise 2 (p. 64) Answers will vary. A . 1 . Happiness: love, friendship, success, enjoy 2 . Actions: complete, advance, finish, start 3 . Results: turn into, make possible, end result, culminate B . Answers will vary. 2 . Accomplishing your goals leads to peace of mind . 3 . Succeeding in a difficult situation brings about contentment . 4 .Completing a college degree makes it possible to enjoy a good career . 5 . Finishing what you started leads to selfsatisfaction . Exercise 3 (p. 65) A positive outlook helps you find happiness in relationships, keeps you healthy, and makes you more able to confront difficult situations . Exercise 4 (p. 66) Answers will vary. 1 . Hook: â€Å"Happiness is a stat e of being that everyone wants to achieve . † 2 . A positive outlook can help you be happy and change the outcome of your life . 3 . Thesis statement: â€Å"It can enrich your relationships, improve your health, and guide you through some of life’s greatest challenges . A positive outlook on life can make your relationships stronger, make you Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key 7 healthier, and give you the strength to face life’s most difficult moments . 4 . Body paragraph 1 topic: A positive outlook helps you find happiness in professional, social, and personal relationships . Body pargraph 2 topic: Having a positive outlook also makes a person healthy . Body paragraph 3 topic: Finally, people with positive outlooks are stronger and capable of confronting difficult situations . 5 . Laughter releases a chemical substance called serotonin into your blood stream; stress causes igh blood pressure, heart disease, and cancer 6 . The conclusion restates the intr oduction in different words . Part 3: Developing Your Ideas Exercise  (p. 69) According to the writer, family support, motivation, and the ability to focus lead to success in college . Exercise 2 (p. 70) Answers will vary. 1 . Students may experience self-doubt, face financial hardships, and be overwhelmed by the work load . 2 . They might be too tired to study after returning home late from their jobs, or they might decide to go to a party instead of studying . 3 . Students have many obligations to fill and may rrive home late at night, so they may find it difficult to finish their homework and make their studies a priority . 4 . You could waste valuable time and money if you aren’t focused . 5 . Answers will vary. Exercise 3 (p. 7) 2 . c 3 . a 4 . c 5 . a Exercise 4 (p. 73) 2 . Since people are receiving better medical treatment, they are living longer . or People are living longer since they are receiving better medical treatment . 3 . Because orchestras are trying to at tract a younger audience, reduced rates at concert halls are available for many high school students . or Reduced rates at concert halls are available for any high school students because orchestras are trying to attract a younger audience . 4 . Since research has shown that yoga reduces stress, more and more individuals are practicing it . or More and more individuals are practicing yoga since research has shown that it reduces stress . 8 Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key Exercise 5 (p. 73) 2 . As a result of the high pollen count, my allergies are very bad this season . 3 . Because of my excellent work, I received the highest grade in the class . 4 . Due to the destructive fire, the building had to be demolished . Exercise 6 (p. 74) 2 .The fire caused major damage to the school auditorium; consequently, we will have the performance in the town hall . or The fire caused major damage to the school auditorium . Consequently, we will have the performance in the town hall . 3. T he Great Depression was devastating; as a result, many farmers moved to California . or The Great Depression was devastating . As a result, many farmers moved to California . 4 . Airlines have cut back services; as a result, flights no longer provide meals . or Airlines have cut back services . As a result, flights no longer provide meals . 5 . The reviews were great; therefore, the theater dded more performances . or The reviews were great . Therefore, the theater added more performances . Part 4: Editing Your Writing Exercise  (p. 77) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . If you study hard, you will pass the test . If you get a roommate, you will share the rent . If you go to bed early, you will wake up refreshed . If you read more, you will increase your vocabulary . Exercise 2 (p. 78) 2 . If I owned a car, I wouldn’t travel by bus . 3 . If people didn’t watch a lot of TV, they would read books . 4 . If I knew how to cook, I could make dinner for the whole family . 5 . If we have a lot of rain in the spring, I won’t go amping . Exercise 3 (p. 78) Answers will vary. 2 . I would buy a beach house if I had more money . 3 . If people receive better health care, they will live longer . 4 . I would learn a foreign language if I could go back to school . 5 . If home owners used solar energy, they would save money on their heating bills . Exercise 4 (p. 79) If you (1) like liked music, think about taking a music appreciation course . If you (2) would have any talent in that direction, you may want to join a choir . I joined a choir two years ago and I enjoy it very much . I know that if I didn’t have my rehearsals, I (3) would ill be very unhappy . I look forward to working with a conductor, learning challenging pieces, and singing with a group . If I (4) miss missed a rehearsal, I feel a little depressed . Even if we work on a difficult piece, I (5) would find the challenge exhilarating . If music is not the hobby for you, you should (6) find found one that can bring you happiness . If you do, you (7) will would not be sorry . Part 5: Putting It All Together Exercise  (p. 80) 1 . b 2 . a 3 . b 4 . c 5 . a 6 . c Exercise 2 (p. 8) 1 . The construction industry is thriving since there is a high demand for new housing . or Since there is high demand for new housing, the construction industry is thriving . 2 . Because of fierce competition for jobs, many young adults want to go to college . or Many young adults want to go to college because of fierce competition for jobs . 3 . Because people are living longer, second careers are more common . or Second careers are more common because people are living longer . 4 . Newspapers and magazines are losing subscribers since readers obtain more up-to-date information from the Internet . or Since readers obtain more up-to-date information from the Internet, newspapers and magazines are losing subscribers . 5 .Due to a great need for nurses, many students are entering the profession . or Many stud ents are entering the profession due to a great need for nurses . 6 . As a result of the building of the Suez Canal, ships are able to travel faster from the west to the east . or Ships are able to travel faster from the west to the east as a result of the building of the Suez Canal . Exercise 3 (p. 8) 1 . Microwaves are time-saving; therefore, people are cooking less . or Microwaves are time-saving . Therefore, people are cooking less . 2 . Crime rates are high; consequently, more police patrol the streets . or Crime rates are high .Consequently, more police patrol the streets . 3 . Globalization is increasing; as a result, English has become a more popular language . or Globalization is increasing . As a result, English has become a more popular language . 4 . Shopping malls are huge; consequently, consumers have more choices . or Shopping malls are huge . Consequently, consumers have more choices . 5 . Cell phones are convenient and economical; as a result, many people have canc elled their home service . or Cell phones are convenient and economical . As a result, many people have cancelled their home service . 6 . The exam was challenging; therefore, many tudents failed . or The exam was challenging . Therefore, many students failed . Exercise 4 (p. 82) 1 . If you work hard, you will succeed in your career . 2 . If you work at a job you like, you will accomplish more in less time . 3 . If you travel around the world, you will learn about new cultures . 4 . If you have a DVD drive, you will be able to watch movies on your computer . 5 . If you plant perennials, you will have flowers again next year . 6 . If you purchase tickets online, you will save money . Exercise 5 (p. 83) Answers will vary. 1 . If you did not play an instrument, you could not join an orchestra . 2 .If you had a long semester, you would have less vacation time . 3 . If we had a microwave, we wouldn’t cook everything on the stove . 4 . If I owned a laptop, I could work efficiently . 5 . If I had any credit cards, I would not pay with cash . Exercise 6 (p. 83) Today, people work long hours and have too many responsiblities; as a result, they have very little leisure time . If people spent more time with family and friends, they (1) would will be happier . Often parents do not have enough time to spend with their children . Therefore, young children do not receive the parental attention they need . If parents (2) had have more home ime, they could play games with their children, and participate in more school activities . If parents (3) spent Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key 9 spend more time with their children, children would do better in school . Furthermore, if workers had more leisure time, they (4) could can go on more family vacations . Teenagers (5) would have had more time to communicate with their parents if they did not have so many responsibilities . If leisure time (6) increased increase, the family unit would be stronger and society as a w hole would benefit . Unit 4 Argumentative Essays Part 1: Stimulating IdeasExercise 3 (p. 90) 1 . F 2 . T 3 . F 4 . T 5 . F 6 . F Part 3: Developing Your Ideas Exercise 4 (p. 90) Answers will vary. 1 . He is the first person to be charged with the crime of piracy, and other arrests may follow . 2 . Its function is to protect intellectual property between nations . 3 . They are losing large profits and are afraid they won’t survive . 4 . Answers will vary. 5 . Answers will vary. Part 2: Brainstorming and Outlining Exercise 2 (p. 92) A . law property legal break the rules commit a crime computers own a copyright download possession share files program B . Answers will vary. Exercise 3 (p. 93)Academic policy rules are broken by cheating and plagiarism . Exercise 4 (p. 95) Answers will vary. A . 1 . Some students plagiarize because it saves time . 2 . The writer feels that copying someone else’s work and submitting it as your own is not only immoral but also academically un acceptable . We know this because the writer says, â€Å"However, plagiarism is wrong because it is irresponsible as well as against academic policy . † 3 . They don’t develop their critical thinking and writing skills and they might fail their final exams . 0 4 . Answers will vary. 5 . Answers will vary. B . 1 . Hook: â€Å"College and high school students often ook for shortcuts to make their work easier . † 2 . Thesis statement: â€Å"However, plagiarism is irresponsible from a social and academic standpoint . † Answers will vary. Example: Plagiarism affects your relationships with your classmates and teachers, and it hinders your academic progress . 3 . d 4 . There are some students who feel that because they are so busy, they have no choice but to plagiarize . 5 . Three: Plagiarism damages classroom relationships, it also violates school policies, and it prevents students from realizing their own potential . Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key Exercise 2 (p. 99) Answers will vary. . The first reason the writer gives is that cable companies charge too much money for the service . 2 . The writer gives detailed price information for the various packages the cable company offers . These facts strengthen the writer’s argument, because they are specific examples of how the cable company’s prices can be very expensive . 3 . The quality of satellite service is inferior, and many buildings do not allow tenants to use satellite dishes . 4 . Cable companies say they are losing money and that getting free cable is against the law . 5 . Answers will vary. Exercise 3 (p. 00) 1 . R 2 . C 3 . C 4 . R 5 . C 6 . RExercise 4 (p. 02) 2 . Once an invention is patented, only the owner can make, sell or distribute the product . Therefore, anyone else who wants to profit from this item must get permission from the owner . or Once an invention is patented, only the owner can make, sell or distribute the product; therefore, anyone else who wants to profit from this item must get permission from the owner . 3 . Novels, plays, newspapers, and other original printed materials are protected by copyright law . However, visual images such as drawings, photographs, and cartoons are still illegally copied off the Internet . or . Novels, plays, ewspapers, and other original printed materials are protected by copyright law; however, visual images such as drawings, photographs, and cartoons are still illegally copied off the Internet . 4 . There continues to be illegal videotaping of movies in public movie theaters . Consequently, the U . S . Congress found it necessary to pass the Family Copyright Act of 2005 . or There continues to be illegal videotaping of movies in public movie theaters; consequently, the U . S . Congress found it necessary to pass the Family Copyright Act of 2005 . Part 4: Editing Your Writing Exercise  (p. 05) Answers will vary. 2 .Whereas some people like to go to a movie theater, others prefer to watch movies at home . 3 . Even though baseball is the most popular sport in America, soccer is the leading sport in Europe . 4 . While shopping online is very convenient, many people prefer to see the merchandise before they buy it . 5 . Although air travel is expensive, the time saved makes it worthwhile . Exercise 2 (p. 06) A . 2 . What they decided to do 3 . It is essential authenticity . is ridiculous . that you check the painting’s 4 . We advise that you buy jewelry only from a reputable dealer . 5 . The board demands teachers . 6 . I don’t agree hat the school hire master with what he said . B . 1 . I believe that viewers have a right to use free unauthorized cable service . 2 . Cable companies complain that they are losing money and that obtaining free cable is unlawful . 3 . We feel that these companies have a monopoly . 4 . In conclusion, I think that people should be allowed to use unauthorized cable service unless we have reasonable options . Exercise 3 (p. 07) 2 . The city residents recommend that the mayor lower the fare for public transportation . 3 . Parents believe that the community should provide after-school programs for teenagers . 4 .It is crucial that the government offer free health care for all citizens . 5 . Most employers insist that their workers arrive on time . Exercise 4 (p. 07) Identity theft occurs when someone steals your name, social security, or credit card number and uses it for his/her own purposes . Although most people feel safe from identity theft (1) , thousands of people each year fall victim to this new form of crime . We recommend that you (2) to protect yourself from this hideous crime . Do not disclose personal information (like your social security number) to strangers . Destroy all unused bank and credit card statements .Keep an eye on your credit cards . Although credit cards make life easier (3) , you need to be cautious when using them . In case you become a victim of identity crime, foll ow these steps . We advise that you (4) should file a police report as soon as you realize that something is wrong . It is crucial that you (5) to notify your credit card companies and bank immediately . We also suggest that you (6) could keep records of all your documents in a safe place . Therefore, if you become a victim, you will have all the necessary information to facilitate the filing process . Part 5: Putting It All Together Exercise  (p. 09) . R 2 . C 3 . R 4 . R 5 . C 6 . R Exercise 2 (p. 09) 1 . A lot of companies copy the ingredients found in famous perfumes . Furthermore/in addition/ moreover, other companies steal patterns for dishware, sheets, and towels . or A lot of companies copy the ingredients found in famous perfumes; furthermore/in addition/moreover, other companies steal patterns for dishware, sheets, and towels . 2 . Many college students know that plagiarism is illegal . However/nevertheless, websites that sell essays continue to grow . or Many college s tudents know that plagiarism is illegal; however/nevertheless, websites that sell essays ontinue to grow . 3 . Writing a research paper takes time and patience . Furthermore/in addition/moreover, it takes determination . or Writing a research paper takes time and patience; furthermore/in addition/ moreover, it takes determination . 4 . Media-related property theft has resulted in legal retaliation . However/nevertheless, the number of individuals illegally obtaining media online has increased . or Media-related property theft has resulted in legal retaliation; however/ Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key  nevertheless, the number of individuals illegally obtaining media online has increased . . Many consumers try to keep up with modern technology . However/ nevertheless, this is almost impossible because what is popular today becomes obsolete tomorrow . or Many consumers try to keep up with modern technology; however/ nevertheless, this is almost impossible because what is po pular today becomes obsolete tomorrow . Exercise 3 (p. 0) Answers will vary. 1 . Although people in the United States greet each other buy shaking hands, people in other countries greet each other by bowing . 2 . While opponents say that television has a lot of violence, many people believe it can be an educational tool . 3 .Whereas many people go on vacation in the summer, I prefer to vacation in the winter when it’s less crowded . 4 . Although smoking has proven to be a dangerous habit, I still see many people smoking . 5 . Even though cell phone users believe they have the right to talk whenever they want, many people believe that cell phones should be banned from restaurants . Exercise 4 (p. ) 1 . It is mandatory that cyclists in the United States wear helmets . 2 . The government believes that people should be punished for stealing intellectual property . 3 . It is essential that a driver check the car’s oil and tires before taking a long trip . 4 .The taxpay ers propose that the mayor build a new highway . 5 . Colleges recommend that students have their own computers . Exercise 5 (p. ) To complete a research project on the Internet, it is important that you (1) must find a good search engine . (2) Although there There are many available (3) , some are better than others . Once you have chosen your search engine, it is essential that you (4) should narrow your search to a specific topic . Type in the keywords for your search . We recommend that you (5) will check your spelling carefully . If you misspell too many words, you will not get the right results . As soon as you have our list of websites, we suggest that you quickly (6) to scan the list . (7) While/whereas some Some people choose websites randomly, others find that the first five 2 Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key to ten are usually the best . Be prepared to look at a lot of websites before you find what you need . Open the sites and skim them to find out if the info rmation will work for your project . (8) Even though/although it It is tempting to copy the material that you have found, it is mandatory that you (9) to use your own words when you write your paper . You should include the website address in your final report . Unit 5Classification Essays Part 1: Stimulating Ideas Exercise 3 (p. 8) 1 . T 2 . T 3 . F 4 . T 5 . F Exercise (p. 8) Answers will vary. 1 . College students looking for a job and people who want to advance in their professions need to learn new skills . 2 . Some computer skills needed are Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, and e-mail systems . 3 . Skills 2006 was a study based on a survey conducted to find out whether new job applicants had the necessary skills . 4 . Companies now want employees to be technically trained for the jobs . 5 . There will not be enough graduates to fill these positions . Part 2: Brainstorming and OutliningExercise 3 (p. 2) Graphic design programs for web pages and animation are discussed . Exe rcise 4 (p. 23) Answers will vary. A . 1 . Flash MX has transitional pages, which are links that guide you from one slide (or portion of the slide) to another . You can also have animated introductions and create diverse effects with the buttons at the bottom of the pages . 2 . Photoshop allows you to repair old photos by adjusting the light and shadow . 3 . Swish provides a greater variety of font designs . 4 . Two-dimensional animations are flat while 3-dimentional animations have depth . 5 . Answers will vary. B . 1 .Hook: â€Å"Graphic design has become an essential tool in desktop publishing . † 2 . Thesis statement: â€Å"Graphic design programs are classified according to their function . † Graphic design programs are categorized according to the functions they perform . 3 . They are being grouped according to function . 4 . The category for body paragraph 1 is programs used to develop a web page . 5 . The category for body paragraph 2 is programs used to desig n flyers, posters, and cards . 6 . The category for body paragraph 3 is animation programs used to produce a 2- or 3-dimensional style . 7 . b 5 . The writer uses statistics . Exercise 3 (p. 29) Answers will vary. 1 . Group 1: landscaper, farmer, park ranger Principle of classification: people who work in nature 2 . Group 2: linguist, interpreter, speech therapist Principle of classification: people who work with language 3 . Group 3: civil engineer, architect, surveyor Principle of classification: people involved in building and construction Exercise 4 (p. 3) Part 3: Developing Your Ideas Exercise  (p. 26) Computer scientists, computer engineers, computer support specialists, and system analysts 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . the greatest the same the fewest almost the same the smallest Exercise 2 (p. 27) Answers will vary.A . 1 . They have to be able to do research and be problem solvers . 2 . They rank the second highest . 3 . The highest paid people with associate degrees will be resp iratory therapists, cardiovascular technologists, and nuclear medicine technologists . 4 . These professionals should be able to communicate written information and medical instructions to their clients . 5 . Computer science and health and human services as well as their related skills are the forces that will drive the economy . 6 . Answers will vary. B . 1 . Answers will vary. Example: Many young people are wondering where the jobs of the future may e . 2 . Thesis statement: â€Å"However, if you are one of the many students who are still confused about which career to pursue, here are the jobs that will have the most growth in the number of people employed over the next decade . † Answers will vary. If you are not sure about your career path, you may want to consider one of these jobs that will be employing the most people within the next ten years . 3 . The information is presented in order of the highest, the second highest, the third highest percentage of growth . 4 . Body paragraph 1: The highest percentage of growth; body paragraph 2: The second-highest ercentage of growth; body paragraph 3: The third-highest growth rate . Part 4: Revising Your Writing Exercise  (p. 34) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . V, eating S, being V, taking S, learning S, studying Exercise 2 (p. 34) Answers will vary. 2 . I always enjoy swimming in the ocean . 3 . Volunteering in the community can be a wonderful experience . 4 . Many people dislike watching scary movies . 5 . Repairing computers is a useful skill to learn . 6 . If you want to feel better, you should avoid eating fatty foods . Exercise 3 (p. 34) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . improving memorizing researching discovering taking Exercise 4 (p. 34) Answers will vary. . I am interested in taking a computer graphics course this semester . 3 . I am nervous about speaking in front of a large audience . 4 . I am responsible for taking care of my sister . 5 . I am concerned about passing my driver’s test . Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key 3 6 . I am involved in planting new trees in my community . Exercise 5 (p. 36) 1 . The principal expected the teachers to arrive on time . 2 . The company is planning to hire new employees . 3 . Barbara expects to graduate next year . 4 . All hospitals require doctors to pass their medical exams . 5 . We decided to learn a foreign language . 6 .Employment agencies advise job applicants to dress appropriately for their job interviews . Exercise 6 (p. 36) Answers will vary. 1 . The professor agreed to give the final exam early . 2 . The policeman asked us to park on the other side of the street . 3 . My doctor advised me to eat more fruit and vegetables . 4 . The mayor needs to give a speech next week . 5 . My best friend wants to travel the world before she’s 40 . 6 . Many children learn to write at a very early age . Exercise 7 (p. 37) Answers will vary. 2 . My parents let me go to Europe last summer to study . 3 . The lifeguard had all the swimmers leave the pool . . The judge made the jury stay for the weekend . 5 . The bus driver let all the passengers ride for free . 6 . The airlines made all the travelers turn off their electronic devices . Exercise 8 (p. 37) (1) Finding Find the right career may seem like an overwhelming task for many . If you are looking for job opportunities, you need (2) to take enough time to explore all the options . Begin by (3) assessing assess your skills . Decide what you are good at doing and what you enjoy . Are you interested in designing or creating things with your hands? Perhaps you are more accustomed to (4) sitting sit at a computer . Do you like orking indoors or do you enjoy (5) being be outside in nature? Some people prefer (6) to work on a team, while others dislike working with others . This may be the most important decisions you will ever make, so explore your talents and abilities carefully, and do not let anyone (7) to influence you . 4 Effective Academic Writing 3: Answer Key Part 5: Putting It All Together Exercise  (p. 39) 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . preparing forming receiving Arriving writing Practicing Exercise 2 (p. 39) 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . to at in for with about Exercise 3 (p. 40) 1 . b 2 . a 3 . c 4 . a 5 . c 6 . c Exercise 4 (p. 40)